KATHMANDU: The public report of the National Human Rights Commission has shown that Sudhan Gurung was involved in the violent activities that took place during the Gen Z protests on the past 8th and 9th September.

The report concludes that the group led by Gurung, the president of the ‘Hami Nepal’ organization who joined later in the movement that initially started peacefully, incited the crowd.

As mentioned in clauses 6 and 7 of the ‘Facts and Analysis’ section of the report, around 10:30 AM on the morning of September 8, 2025, an estimated 3,000 to 3,200 protesters had gathered. The rally, which started within the perimeter designated by the Chief District Officer (CDO), breached the prohibited zone within a short time. The report points out that this was led by Sudhan Gurung.

By the time they passed through Babarmahal and Bijulibazar Bridge and reached in front of the Everest Hotel in New Baneshwor, the number of protesters had grown to 20,000–25,000. At the same time, a motorcycle group (biker group) of 15–20 individuals wearing black T-shirts and with TOB (Tibetan Original Blood) tattoos engraved on their hands and bodies further incited the crowd to move forward.

“The rally, which was initiated within the perimeter of the permission granted by the Chief District Officer, crossed that perimeter and area within a short time, passed through Babarmahal and Bijulibazar Bridge, and arrived in front of the Everest Hotel in New Baneshwor. Thereafter, the number of protesters increased to 20,000/25,000, and at the same time, a biker group of 15/20 individuals wearing black T-shirts with TOB written on them and having TOB tattoos engraved on their hands and bodies arrived and incited the crowd to move forward,” the Commission’s report states. “After a crowd of approximately 20,000/25,000 gathered in front of the Everest Hotel, around 12 o’clock, Sudhan Gurung of the Hami Nepal organization is found to have led the crowd. After Gurung took leadership in this manner, the protesters became enraged, attempted to break the security barricade to enter the prohibited area, and clashed with security personnel, which then turned into a riot.”

The Commission’s report shows that the movement turned violent after that point. The Commission highlighted that security personnel then used tear gas and water cannons, and the crowd, enraged by the tear gas, started stone-pelting in front of BICC Gate No. 1, vandalized the ‘APF Water Cannon’, and climbed onto the roof of the water cannon.

Do not make the mistake of shelving the report in a cupboard; initiate action against the guilty immediately: Tanuja Pandey, Gen Z leader

When analyzing why and how the protesters conducting a peaceful protest turned violent, the report also points out that after the entry of the biker group of 15/20 individuals wearing black T-shirts with TOB written on them and having TOB tattoos on their hands and bodies at that location, as mentioned above in clause number 3, the group causing and mobilizing destructive acts captured the peaceful protest of the youth Gen Z.

The Commission has conducted a detailed analysis of how the peaceful protest initially started by Gen Z suddenly turned violent. According to the report, with the entry of the group marked with TOB, the movement was taken under control (captured) and diverted towards a destructive direction.

Gen Z leaders had requested Sudhan to return

The report reveals that around 9 AM on the morning of September 8, a dispute arose between Gen Z leaders and Sudhan Gurung upon seeing him. The Commission’s report mentions that the group including movement callers Rakshya Bam and Jasmin Ojha requested Sudhan Gurung to withdraw from the movement.

Upon seeing that Gurung had arrived with tents, health volunteers, three ambulances, and miking arrangements on behalf of his organization Hami Nepal, Rakshya and Jasmin’s group, fearing that the movement would be ‘hijacked’, disputed with him for some time and pressured him to return.

Despite revealing that he led the violence and incited the crowd, the Commission has not directly recommended action against Gurung, who is also a former Home Minister. In the action recommendation section, the Commission has recommended further investigation into them.

According to the Commission’s spokesperson, Tikaram Pokharel, a recommendation has been made to take action against human rights violators in the incident by making laws.

Sudhan Gurung of Hami Nepal organization, along with others including Ankit Malla, Khemraj Saud, Sabal Gautam, and Purushottam Yadav, had jointly registered an application at the District Administration Office, Kathmandu. However, during the discussion, even though they committed that the demonstration would be completely peaceful, in practice, the movement turned violent and destructive.

Although the Commission’s report clearly shows the involvement of organizers including Sudhan in the violent demonstration, it has failed to uncover the real identity of the mysterious TOB group. The report remains silent on what kind of relationship that group had with the organizers and whether they were operated by someone or not. The Commission has concluded that further investigation needs to be conducted on Sudhan Gurung and others.

According to points number 9 and 10 of the ‘Recommendation Section’ of the report, the Commission has recommended the government to conduct immediate further investigation into individuals including Sudhan Gurung and take action according to the law if found guilty.

Following the publication of the Human Rights Commission’s report, Tanuja Pandey, one of the leading activists of the movement, has taken it as a positive step. She stated that it is commendable in itself that a constitutional body conducted a field study and brought out a report.

She pointed out that the conclusions of the previously formed ‘Gauri Bahadur Karki Commission’ report and the National Human Rights Commission report contradict each other.

“Many issues not covered in the Gauri Bahadur Commission’s report have come up in the Human Rights Commission’s report. To some extent, the recommendations and opinions of the two different commissions also contradict each other,” Pandey told Nepal News. “The report has arrived. The government must conduct further study on it and advance an impartial action process.”

Activist Pandey emphasized that whoever the guilty party is, they must brought within the legal framework and no one should be given immunity based on political access. She demanded that the government should not keep this report shelved like past reports.

“The report should not protect anyone based on their face. Our only request to the government is: do not make the mistake of shelving this report in a cupboard, advance action against the guilty immediately,” she said.

When attempting to get a response from Sudhan Gurung—the president of Hami Nepal, a member of parliament of the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP), and former Home Minister—regarding the Commission’s report and his involvement in violent activities, he did not wish to come into contact.

When contacting the relevant commissioners of the National Human Rights Commission and members of the investigation team to understand the basis of the report’s conclusions and recommendations, they were also unavailable.